Title of the Paper (14 POINT, BOLD, TIMES NEW ROMAN)

First Author 1*, Second Author 2, Third Author 2,3 (use 12pt Times New Roman)

1 Affiliation of First Author Department, Faculty, University, City, Country. (Use 10pt Times New Roman)

2 Affiliation of Second Author Department, Faculty, University, City, Country,

3 Affiliation of Third Author Department, Faculty, University, City, Country,

*Corresponding author email: Author’s Name | E-mail address (use 11pt Times New Roman)

Received: 00-00-2025 | Accepted: 00-00-2025 | Available online: 00-00-2025

ABSTRACT

The manuscript should contain an abstract of 250 words. The manuscript should have a self-contained, citation-free abstract and state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. The abstract should be in a single paragraph with running sentences. Do not use any subheadings or point lists within the abstract. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential, they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. (use 11pt Times New Roman)

Keywords: Authors are advised to write 3-5 keywords related to the article. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

العنوان الرئيسي للبحث المقدم )استخدم Simplified Arabic، غامق، 16 نقطة)

الباحث الأول1*(الاسم واللقب)، الباحث الثاني 2(الاسم واللقب)، الباحث الثالث3 (الاسم واللقب)،
(استخدم Simplified Arabic 12 نقطة)

1 القسم ، الكلية ، الجامعة ، المدينة، الدولة (استخدم Simplified Arabic 11 نقطة)

2 القسم ، الكلية ، الجامعة ، المدينة، الدولة

* المؤلف المراسل: اسم المؤلف | عنوان البريد الالكتروني

ملخــــــــــــــــص البحــــــــــــــــــث

يجب أن تحتوي الورقة على ملخص في حدود 250 كلمة، ويجب أن يكون مستقلا وخاليا من الاستشهادات، وأن تذكر بإيجاز غرض البحث والنتائج الرئيسية أوالاستنتاجات الرئيسية. كما يجب أن يكون الملخص مكتوبا في فقرة واحدة مع جمل متواصلة. لا تستخدم أي عنوان فرعي أو قائمة نقاط داخل الملخص. وكذلك ينبغي تجنب الاختصارات غير القياسية أو غير الشائعة، ولكن إذا كانت ضرورية، فيجب تعريفها عند ذكرها لأول مرة في الملخص نفسه. (استخدم Simplified Arabic 12نقطة- تباعد1)

الكلمات الدالة: يُنصح المؤلفون بكتابة 3-5 كلمات رئيسية مرتبطة بالمقالة؛ سيتم استخدام هذه الكلمات الرئيسية لأغراض الفهرسة.

Introduction

Most papers start with an introduction. It contains a brief idea of the work, requirements for this research work, a problem statement, and the authors' contribution towards their research. Recent references1 should be included to show previous work done and the importance of current work. This section should be brief, with no subheadings unless unavoidable.2,3 State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background related to your work, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Materials and Methods

This part should contain sufficient detail to reproduce reported data. It can be divided into subsections if several methods are described. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference,4 only relevant modifications should be described.

Results

The results section must present an objective account of the data gathered during the study or experiment, avoiding detailed interpretation or critical analysis. Precise scientific language should be used, avoiding personal comments or any form of bias.

Results should be arranged logically, reflecting the study design or following the sequence of research questions or hypotheses. Additionally, findings should be connected to the overall objectives of the study without discussing causes or theoretical explanations, which are reserved for the Discussion section.

To summarize complex or quantitative data, it is advisable to use tables and figures, ensuring they are numbered sequentially (e.g., Table 1, Figure 1). Each should have a clear and concise title, accompanied by a brief description if necessary, and include units of measurement.

For quantitative research, key statistical parameters such as means, standard deviations, p-values, and any applied analytical tests should be reported. Moreover, the name and version of the statistical software used should be specified, particularly when results depend heavily on it.

Discussion

The researcher may choose to organize this section using subheadings or present it as a unified whole; in many cases, combining the results and discussion is appropriate depending on the nature of the research. The discussion should focus on Analyzing the significance of the results, rather than restating them. Excessive citation of previous literature should be avoided, unless necessary to place the findings in context or to highlight agreement or divergence with existing studies. Results should be interpreted scientifically and objectively, clearly identifying consistencies or discrepancies with prior research. Subjective or unsupported interpretations should be avoided. Additionally, the researcher should explain how the findings support or challenge the study’s objectives or hypotheses, and discuss their scientific or practical relevance within the field.

The discussion should remain clear, focused, and concise. Each interpretation or conclusion should be directly supported by data from the study.

Conclusions

Each manuscript should contain a conclusion section, which may contain the main outcome of the work, highlighting its importance and relevance. Conclusions should be written in a continuous manner with running sentences, which normally contain the main outcome of the research work, its applications, limitations and recommendations. Do not use any subheadings or point lists within the conclusion.

Acknowledgment

All acknowledgements (if any) should be included in a separate section before the references and may comprise a list of people who contributed to the work in the manuscript but were not listed in the author list, supporting grants, presentations, and so forth. The names of funding agencies should be written in full.

References

References should be numbered in the order of their appearance in the text, including citations in tables and legends. They should be listed individually at the end of the manuscript. We recommend using a bibliography software package such as EndNote, ReferenceManager, or Zotero to ensure accuracy and avoid duplicate references or typing errors. Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for each reference whenever possible.

In the text, reference numbers should be upper case numbering placed after the punctuation marks. For example,1 , 1,2, or .1-3 Please use the below referencing format when citing articles [1] or a chapter in a book [2] or a book [3] or unpublished work [4] or personal communication [5] or conference [6] or a thesis [7] or dissertation [8] you have to write the reference as given below. When citing a website, write the URL and the date of visiting the site [9].

Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D. Title of the article. Abbreviated Journal Name, Year, Volume, pages range.

Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, 2nd ed.; Editor 1, A., Editor 2, B., Eds.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, Year; Volume, pp. 154–196.

Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. BOOK TITLE, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Location, Country, Year; pp. 154–196.

Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work. Abbreviated Journal Name year, a phrase indicating publication stage (submitted; accepted; in press).

Author 1, A.B. (University, City, State, Country); Author 2, C. (Institute, City, State, Country). Personal communication, Year.

Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D.; Author 3, E.F. Title of Presentation. In Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference (Day Month Year).

Author 1, A.B. Title of Thesis. MSc. Thesis, Dept., University, Location of University, Date of Completion.

Author 1. A.B. Title of dissertation. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept., University, Location of University, Date of Completion.

Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).

Tables and Figures

Authors are supposed to embed all tables and figures in an appropriate place within the manuscript. Tables and figures should be properly numbered with a descriptive title. Each table/figure must be mentioned within the text by referring to the corresponding table/figure number. Any unmentioned or unnumbered table/figure will be dropped from the publication.

Tables should be prepared using the table tool within Microsoft Word and cited consecutively in the text. Every table must have a title, which must be placed above the table and if numerical measurements are given, the units should be included in the column heading. The formatting requirements have been summarized in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary of formatting requirement for the papers.

Layout	Size	Margin
Single column	A4 (21 cm 29.7 cm)	Top = 2.5 cm Bottom = 2.5 cm Left = 2.5 cm Right = 2.5 cm
Font	Article Title	Headings	Subheadings	Reference list	Text
Times New Roman, 14 pt, Bold, Centered	Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold, Left aligned	Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold, Italic, Left aligned	Times New Roman, 10 pt, Justified	Times New Roman, 12 pt, Justified
Line Spacing	1.15	1.15	1.15	1.15	1.15
Page number	We will format and assign page numbers

All figures should be cited in the paper in consecutive order. Figures should be used in bitmap formats (Photoshop, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, etc.) with at least 300 dpi resolution unless the resolution is intentionally set to a lower level for scientific reasons. If a bitmap image has labels, the image and labels should be embedded in separate layers.

Figure 1: Nalut University logo